ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช
ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื - ืื™ืš ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช

ืื™ืš ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคืช?

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืชย ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืฉ, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื—ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื›ืกืคืช ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคืชื—, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš, ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคืชย ืœืœื ื ื–ืง ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ.

ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืื—ืจืช, ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืคืจื™ืฆื”. ื›ืœ ื›ืกืคืช ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœื”. ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืื• ืœืื™ืคื•ืก ืงื•ื“ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืืœื™.

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืงืœื”ย ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš!!! ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸย ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื›ืกืคื•ืชย ืœื›ืœ ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ืขื™ืœื”.

ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื›ืกืคืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœื›ืกืคืช, ืืš ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ื— ืื•ืชื” ืคืชื•ื—ื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžืงื“ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจ ื™ื“ ื•ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชื›ืช. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื ืคืฅ ืฉื™ืขื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืžื“ืœืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช. ืขืœ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื”ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื’ื ื‘ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ.

ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื•ืชื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื ืื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืื–ืขืงื”.

ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื›ืกืคืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืงืœื”. ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื”ื ืคืชื—ืช. ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืงื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื”, ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื’ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™, ืื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื‘ืจื’ ืื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื”ืžืื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืกืคืช.


ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช -ืžื™ื“ืข!ย 

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉ ืงืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœืคืชื•ื— ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœืคื™ื“ื™ ื’ื–, ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ื– ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช. ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืื—ืกื ื™ื ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœื ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœื›ืกืคืช ืฉืœืš?

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœื›ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื”. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงื“ื—ื™ื, ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืคื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ืช ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืืœื™ื” ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœื›ืกืคืช ืœืœื ื ื–ืง ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืขืช ื›ืžื• ืงืกื ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื“ืข: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื ืงืŸ ื ื•ื–ืœื™! ื–ื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ืจืง ืœืฉืคื•ืš ื—ื ืงืŸ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืื• ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคืช; ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืคื•ืš ื—ื ืงืŸ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื– ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืงืคื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืคื•ืชื—. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื›ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืกืคืงื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืงืฉื” ืžื“ื™ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœื›ืกืคืช? ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคืจื™ืฆื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ื–ื”ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืกืคืช, ืื• ืขื ื›ืžื” ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื ื–ืง. ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื›ืกืคืช" ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื›ืกืฃ" ื•"ื‘ื˜ื•ื—", ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื ื•. ืื ื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืŸ ื ื–ืง. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืงื“ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ื, ืžืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžืชื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืจืก. ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœืช ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื›ืกืคืช ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื• ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœื”. ืœืจื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืงืœื” ื‘ื ืขื™ืœื”, ืื• ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช.

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช, ืืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืชืฉืื™ืจ ื ื–ืง ืื• ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืคืจื™ืฆื”. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืืš ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช.

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืข. ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคืช ื™ืฉ ืœืš? ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช, ื›ืกืคืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืื• ื›ืกืคืช ืขืกืงื™ืช?

ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ? ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”? ืื ืœื, ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืคื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืœื™ื? ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืงืฉื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืื‘ืœ, ืื ืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื ื–ืง, ืื– ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”. ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื›ืกืคืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื•ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš. ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ. ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ, ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืขื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก.


ืžื™ ืžื•ืจืฉื” ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช?

ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืกืคืช ื ืขื•ืœื”, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืจืขืช ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”. ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช. ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ, ืื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืœืœื ื ื–ืง. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื›ืกืคื•ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”, ืื– ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื›ืกืคื•ืช. ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืจืชื” ืื• ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช, ืื– ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืœืœื ื ื–ืง.

ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืŸ ื ื–ืง. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœืš ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช. ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื.

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื. ื–ื” ื’ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช. ื™ืฉื ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื•ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืคืจื•ืฅ ืœื›ื ืื•ืชื”. ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืžืกืคืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ื ื”ืชืœืžื“ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœื• ืื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.


ย 

ืžืชื™ ื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืžื•ืกืžืš?

ื™ืฉื ื ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื›ืœ ื›ืกืคืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช.

ย ื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื”ื–ืžื ืช ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืœืฉื ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

  • ืงื•ื“ ื›ืกืคืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื ืฉื›ื—.

  • ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืื• ืฉื›ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืœื›ืกืคืช.

  • ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืกื™ืกืžืืช ื›ืกืคืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ืื• ืจื™ืงื•ืช .

  • ืžืคืชื— ืœื›ืกืคืช ืื‘ื“ ืื• ื ื’ื ื‘.

  • ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืงื•ื“ ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื–ืจื™ื.

  • ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืชืงื•ืœ ืื• ืงืฉื”.

  • ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืช ืœื›ืกืคืช ืงืฉื” ืื• ืชืงื•ืขื”.

  • ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืง.

  • ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืกืคืช ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ.

  • ื‘ืจื™ื— ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื ืคืชื— ืื• ื ืกื’ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืจื‘.

  • ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืกืง.

  • ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืžืกืจื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ืคืชื—.

  • ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช.

  • ื”ืงืฉืช ืงื•ื“ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืœื›ืกืคืช.

  • ืื™ืคื•ืก ืงื•ื“ ืœื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ืื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช.


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ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช - ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชย  ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืกืคืช ืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืคื•ืจืฅ ืžื•ืกืžืš ื•ืœื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื. ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ื”ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื›ืกืคื•ืช, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœ ื•ืžืชืงื“ื ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืงื™ื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืชย  ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืกืคืช ืฉืœื›ื.

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืคืช ืœื›ืกืคืช.

ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ืืฃ ืœืœื ื ื–ืง, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžื“ืžื” ืžืคืชื— ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœื›ืกืคืช, ืื• ืข"ื™ ืื™ืคื•ืก ืงื•ื“ ืœื›ืกืคืช ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืจืก ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื›ืกืคืช.

ื˜ืจื ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืื• ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืชื›ื, ืœืžืฉื“ืจ, ืื• ืœืขืกืง ืฉืœื›ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืžื•ืจืฉื”, ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชืงืœื” ื•ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื›ื.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืขื ืคื•ืจืฅ ื”ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืื• ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืœื›ืกืคืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.

ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื’ืขื”.

ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชื–ื“ืงืงื• ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ืžื™ื™ื“ื™,ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื›ื ื•ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,ืื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฆืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืชื ื”.

  • ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ื•ืช ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืกืคื•ืช. ืื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื›ืกืคืช ืฉืœื›ื ื ืฉื‘ืจื” ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ื•ืฉื—ืคืฆื™ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ื™ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื”.
  • ืื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืœืœื ื ื–ืงื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคืช, ืžื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืขื“ ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื ืง ื‘ืขืœืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
  • ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืžืชืงื“ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื, ืœืคื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื ืคืฅ. ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืคืชื•ื— ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
  • ืื ื• ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืžืื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-10 ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคืช.
  • ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืœื, ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื•ืžืœื•ื›ื“. ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœื›ืกืคื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ.

ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ื›ืœ ื›ืกืคืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื“ื™. ืื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื ืขื™ืœื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืฉืขื”.ย 

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืœื•ืงื— ืœืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื›-20 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”.


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ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช – ืžื—ื™ืจ

ืื ื• ื‘'ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื-ืจืฉืช ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ืืจืฆื™ืช', ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืœื™ื›ื ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื–ื•ืœ, ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื•ืืžื™ืŸ.

ื™ืฉื ื ืžืงืจื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ืกืคืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ื ืขืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืจื–ื™ื ืžืื“ ืฉืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื”.

ืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ืื™ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื: ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ืกืคืช, ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ืขื™ืœื”, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื“ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 250-400ย โ‚ช.

  • ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ: 150-250 โ‚ช

  • ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช: 250-400 โ‚ช

  • ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช: 250-450 โ‚ช

  • ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช: 400-600 โ‚ช

  • ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืขื ืง: 700-1500 โ‚ช

  • ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคืชย  ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช:ย  250-450 โ‚ช

  • ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช: 400-650 โ‚ช

  • ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืขื ืง 800-1700 โ‚ช

  • ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืกืคืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”: 200-350 โ‚ช

  • ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืกืคื•ืชย  ืžืฉืจื“ 300-450 โ‚ช

  • ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืขื ืง: 600-1200 โ‚ช

  • ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ 50-90 โ‚ช

  • ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”: 100-200 โ‚ช


ย 

ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืจื™ืฆืชืŸ ืœืœื ื ื–ืง, ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื”ืชืงื ื” ื•ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื›ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช. ืื ื• ื’ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื•ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืขื ืง, ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืช.

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืœืœื ื ื–ืง: ื”ืื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™?

ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ื”ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื ืคื•ืฅ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืื• ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื—. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื”, ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืขื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื— ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง. ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื "ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื”", ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื’ืข ื•ืงื•ืœ. ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื—ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™", ืฉืžื ืกื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.

ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ื—, ืืš ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื™ืงื“ื•ื— ื—ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ืกืคืช ื•ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกืงื•ืค ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืงื™ื“ื•ื— ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืื• ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื›ื•ืœื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืคื’ื•ืžื” ืื• ื”ืชืงืœืงืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื™ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื•ื™ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

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ืคื•ืจืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง.

ย 

"ืืžื ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืคืช": ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ?

ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคืช ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืกื˜ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ืข. ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”, ื ื—ืงื•ืจ ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.

  • ื™ื“ืข ืžื›ืื ื™:
    ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคืช. ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืืœื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.
  • ื™ื“ืข ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™:
    ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ื“ืข ืžื›ืื ื™, ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืงืœื“ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืขืจืš ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืงืœื“ื•ืช ื•ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
  • ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื:
    ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืจืžืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื. ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื—ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื” ืื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ืชื”. ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉืจื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™.

ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืกืคืช

ื”ืชืงื ืช ื›ืกืคืช: ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ?

ื”ืชืงื ืช ื›ืกืคืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืœืขืกืง, ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืชืงื ื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืชืงืŸ. ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉื ื•ื— ืœืš ืœื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื• ืืš ื’ื ื ืกืชืจ ืžื”ืขื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื™ืงื‘ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืงื ืื•ืชื”. ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฆืคื” ืื• ืงื™ืจ ืžื—ื•ื–ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉืงืœืŸ.

ื’ื•ืจื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืกืคืช ืฉืœืš. ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ ืžืคืชื— ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ ืงื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื•ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ ืžืคืชื— ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืงื ื” ื•ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืืฉ ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช ืฉืœืš. ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืขื ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืกืคืงื• ื”ื’ื ื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื ื–ืงื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื”, ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืืชื ืžืื—ืกื ื™ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš ืื• ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื”ืจืก ื‘ืฉืจื™ืคื”.

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื ืช ื›ืกืคืช. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ, ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื•ืจืžืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืืฉ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืงื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืžืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืชืงื ืช ื›ืกืคืช.

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช
ื”ืชืงื ืช ื›ืกืคืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ื•ืงื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ื›ืกืคืช.

ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื›ืกืคื•ืช: ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข?

ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคืช ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ืขื•ืœื ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ื–ื” ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื•ืช ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช, ืืš ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื•ืชืŸ. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”, ื ืกืงื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช.

  • ืงื™ื“ื•ื—:
    ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ื—. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื— ื—ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื“ืœืช ืื• ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืกืคืช, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืœืชืคืขืœ ืืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืขื™ืœื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ ืงื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื”.
  • ืžืฆืœืžื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื”:
    ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื™ื ืกืงื•ืคื™ื ื’. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกืงื•ืค ืื• ืžืฆืœืžืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืขื™ืœื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช.
  • ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื”:
    ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื›ืกืคื•ืช. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื•ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืขื“ ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ ืงื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช.

    ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคืจื™ืฆื” ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ืช ืœื›ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื™ื ืกื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืจืกื ื™ื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื›ืฉืœื•ืช, ืื–ื™ ื”ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื— ืื• ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจืกื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื›ืกืคืช ืœื ืชื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืกืคื•ืช ืœืœื ื ื–ืง, ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ืคืฆื™ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœื›ื ืชื•ืš ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืžื ืขื•ืœืŸ.